5 steps to prepare a canvas for oil painting

1. Prime the canvas with a gesso layer to create a smooth surface for paint application.
2. Sand the surface of the canvas to remove any rough texture or bumps.
3. Apply a layer of oil-based paint to the surface of the canvas, known as an "oil ground."
4. Allow the canvas to dry completely before beginning to paint.
5. Apply a thin layer of solvent or oil to the canvas before beginning to paint, known as a "toning layer."

What do I do?

I use universal primed Italian or Belgian linen because the universal primer means I can paint the first layer in either acrylic or oils. If I want to go straight to oils from the outset, then I use an oil primed canvas. For me universal primed is much more versatile. 

Once I have my universal primed canvas in place, either taped to a board or stapled over stretcher bars, I will coat it with a layer of gesso and let that dry before I begin drawing or transferring the drawing ready for painting.